"I have used a wide variety of secondaries and Jackson ImmunoResearch has consistently been the best. The fluorophores are bright and stable and their selective (x reactivity removed) secondaries have always shown species specificity in multiple labeling."
Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5 Conjugates for Permanent Mounting
Among currently available fluorescent dyes, the cyanine dyes are better able to withstand the harsh dehydration and embedding conditions required for mounting sections in non-polar plastic media, such as DPX and Permount™. The cyanine dyes are brighter in the non-polar environment than in an aqueous medium, resulting in less acquisition time in the confocal microscope than that required for DyLight and Alexa Fluor® dyes (Figure 1), even though those dyes are brighter in aqueous mounting media.
The major advantages of plastic over aqueous mounting media are brightness, contrast, and longevity of the fluorescence. Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5 are available conjugated to a selection of secondary antibodies for multiple labeling, streptavidin, and purified IgG controls. For multiple labeling, see our listings of Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5 conjugates. Figure 2 illustrates the discrete spectra that provide effective separation for multiple labeling. For single labeling protocols that do not require highly cross-adsorbed antibodies, choose Cy3-conjugated antibodies from the lists of whole IgG affinity-purified secondary antibodies. Note that Cy3 conjugates are bright and photostable in the aqueous environment as well as in non-polar media. This is in contrast to Cy2 and Cy5, which are outperformed in aqueous media by Alexa Fluor® conjugates.
Figure 1. Sections of gastric mucosa were stained and mounted in DPX . Sections A, B, and C were stained with primary antibodies for abundant antigens (mouse anti-Type IV collagen [green] and rabbit anti-PGP 9.5 [red]). Sections D, E, and F were stained with primary antibodies for less abundant antigens (mouse anti-PGP 9.5 [green] and rabbit anti-substance P [red]). All sections were stained with different fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies from Jackson ImmunoResearch. All sections were exposed to light long enough to achieve approximately the same relative brightness. Exposure times are listed in milliseconds (ms). Differences in exposure time for each fluorophore are an indication of it's relative degree of brightness. Note that Cy2 conjugates required significantly less exposure time in DPX than DyLight 488 and Alexa Fluor® 488, both with abundant and less abundant antigens. Cy2 conjugates also were brighter in DPX than in glycerol mounting media (not shown). Other antigens that are less visible in Cy2-stained sections are not visible with DyLight 488 and Alexa Fluor® 488. Similar differences were observed when the other cyanines, Cy3 and Cy5, were compared with corresponding Alexa Fluor® and DyLight dyes. Images and results are courtesy of Dr. Gwen Wendelschafer-Crabb, Kennedy Lab, University of Minnesota. Similar results were reported to us by Dr. Barbara Jones, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University.
Cyanine Conjugated Antibodies
Product Description
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Cyanine Conjugated Control Reagents and Streptavidin
Table 1. Approximate peak wavelengths of excitation and emission for Cyanine fluorophores conjugated to affinity-purified antibodies. Only approximate values are given for purposes of comparing one fluorophore with another. Actual values may vary depending on the spectrofluorometer used in each laboratory.
Cy™ is a trademark of GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ltd.
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